Federal Civil Procedure · Case Law Timeline

Default Judgments — How the Law Was Built

Eleven Fifth Circuit decisions, 1985 to 2018. Each case answered a real question about when a defendant deserves a second chance — and why. Click any case to read the story behind the ruling.

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The Three-Factor Test — FRCP 55(c) & 60(b)
Established 1985 · Still controlling in the Fifth Circuit today
1
Willfulness
Was the default a deliberate choice, or an honest mistake? If willfulness is found, the court stops here — no other factors are considered.
2
Prejudice
Has the plaintiff suffered actual harm beyond delay? Requiring the plaintiff to litigate the case is never sufficient prejudice.
3
Meritorious Defense
Does the defendant have a real argument on the merits? The defense must be specific — not a bare assertion, but not a guaranteed winner either.
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Eleven cases · 1985 – 2018
Defendant wins — default set aside Default upheld — plaintiff prevails Mixed result — procedural remand
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